Acceptance Of The Gay In Society free essay sample

The term gay has changed dramatically through out the 20th centaury. The term derives from the old French word gai that meant†happy†, â€Å"carefree†, â€Å"showy and bright†. The word started gaining sexual connotations in the 17th centaury. The word was used to mean† addicted to pleasure and dissipations†. This was by extension from the primary meaning â€Å"carefree†: implying â€Å"uninhibited by moral constraints†. By the late 19th centaury the term â€Å"gay life† was a well established euphemism for prostitution and other forms of extra marital sexual encounters that were considered immoral in society. The word gay on the other hand came to mean â€Å"homosexuality† by the extension of the words â€Å"sexualized connotation† of â€Å"carefree and uninhibited†, which implied the willingness to disregard any respectable sexual mores. By the 20th centaury, the term gay came to be used permanently when referring to anyone who was considered to have sexual inclinations that were considered to be immoral. We will write a custom essay sample on Acceptance Of The Gay In Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This term was preferred to terms such as â€Å"queer† which was considered to be derogatory and homosexuality which was considered to be so clinical and was used to mean â€Å"men with mental problems† (Gallup Survey. September 1989- May 2004). WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM GAY? The meaning of the term gay is the sexual preference that people have towards people of the same sex as they are. An example can be a sexual relationship that is between two women or two men. More rarely though, the term gay is used in a shorthand manner for the LGBT: lesbians, gay, bisexuals and transgender. Some transgender though find the inclusion in the larger grouping to be offensive. LIFE OF A THE GAY PEOPLE. Gay people usually in most cases never find out about their preferences until when they are teenagers when they are more sexually active. This usually in most case comes to them as a shock. The girls find out that they are not attracted to the opposite sexes when their friends are so engrossed in the male species. They find that they prefer their female friends have feelings for then that are normally not allowed. The males on the other hand find that they are attracted to their male counterparts and not the females as it is supposed to be. This causes the victims of this kind of feelings towards their like sexes to withdraw from the public and become introverts. This is usually a very hard time to the homosexuals. When they get to know their preferences, they are usually very scared to share their knowledge with anyone since they know that will be looked down upon by the society. This is because; this kind of preference is not socially accepted. The victims will start performing poorly in school and also shed off all their friends because they are scared of their friends getting to find out their BIG secret. This in most cases causes a lot of questions from the people around but they never in most cases share with others when they have found out. When one finally finds the strength to share their secrets with family members, they are usually condemned and criticized. This causes a lot of distrust from the victims towards other people. The only people that the gay individuals can open up to are the ones that they share the same preferences when it comes to their sexual relationships (Bulter, Judith. 1990). THE SOCIETIES VIEW ABOUT THE GAY. The gay in societies are looked down upon by the so called â€Å"righteous† in the society. This is a practice that is considered to be very immoral and wrong. The society does not take the gay relationships to be serious, some consider the gay individuals to be bewitched or simply condemned. Some also say that there is no thing like people finding themselves to be inclined sexually towards people of the same sex, they claim that the gay society is a group of people that just want to be disrespectable to the ways of the society that are dimmed to be appropriate (Bulter, Judith. 1990). The society when they get to know the people that have such inclinations, they shun them and detach them from any activities in the society. They also ask their loved ones to have nothing to do with them since it will be considered a disgrace to an individual to associate with them. The society generally views such a relationship to be wrong an immoral in all kinds of ways. Some of the people actually become very violent towards the homosexuals. There have been incidents where ones someone has been identified to be a homosexual, they have been killed through all types of ways with no second thought from the murderers. The homosexuals are either stoned by a mob or some individuals who have taken it upon themselves to rid the society of the homosexuals who use different ways to get rid of them. This causes the homosexuals to be constantly scared for their lives. They live with fear every time they walk out of the safety of their houses, any time they walk o the street and any time they are somewhere they consider to be unsafe. At times, even the places that the victims consider to be safe like their homes tend to be no longer safe when people break in to harm them. This is a life that is really very hard to live with (Featherstone, Mike. 1983). BIBLICAL VIEW ON HOMOSEXUALITY. According to Rev. Bruce Roberts, homosexuality is the deepest issue separating churches today. Whether the faithful look upon down upon the gay and lesbian community or accept them, mostly depends entirely on how the faithful take the Biblical reference interpreted as condemning homosexuality. It depends with whether they try to interpret the laws of Moses in the Old Testament or the one commandment uttered by Jesus in the New Testament â€Å"thou shall love your neighbor as you love yourself†. It also depends if the faithful take homosexuality as an illness, a born with trait or free choice. Finally, it depends on how much the faithful know about what homosexuality is and how it is manifested, their personal fears and their willingness to learn about such things (Bulter, Judith. 1990). Below are passages from the Revised Standard Edition of the Bible usually cited as the basis for condemning homosexuality. Leviticus 18:22 You shall not lie with a man as with a woman. It is an abomination. Leviticus 20:13 If a male lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them. Deuteronomy 23:18 You shall not bring the hire of a harlot, or the wages of a sodomite into the house of the Lord your God in payment for any vow; for both of these are an abomination to the Lord your God. Romans 1:26, 27 For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error. Other books in the Bible that has reference to homosexuality are; Genesis 19:3-5, 10-11, Judges 19:22-23, 25, 1 Corinthians 6:9, 10 and Timothy 1:8-10. These are verses in the Bible that condemn the practice of homosexuality. This is what causes the faithful to condemn this kind of relationships since the Bible condemns it. GAY MARRIAGES. These marriages were at particular time condemned completely by the church and the society. Nowadays, some of these marriages have been united by some church leaders. Not everyone has accepted the act, but what is done is done. More of the gay couples have started coming out of hiding and declaring their love for each other publicly. After their declarations they ask for a priest to unit the in Holy Matrimony. After their weddings, they also get to adopt children that they raise up as their own in the kind of family atmosphere that any family can give a child( Berber B. , 1966).

Overview of Mali History and Independence

Overview of Mali History and Independence Malians express great pride in their ancestry. Mali is the cultural heir to the succession of ancient African empires – Ghana, Malinkà ©, and Songhai – that occupied the West African savannah. These empires controlled Saharan trade and were in touch with Mediterranean and Middle Eastern centers of civilization. Kingdoms of Ghana and Malinkà © The Ghana Empire, dominated by the Soninke or Saracolà © people and centered in the area along the Malian-Mauritanian frontier, was a powerful trading state from about A.D. 700 to 1075. The Malinkà © Kingdom of Mali had its origins on the upper Niger River in the 11th century. Expanding rapidly in the 13th century under the leadership of Soundiata Keita, it reached its height about 1325, when it conquered Timbuktu and Gao. Thereafter, the kingdom began to decline, and by the 15th century, it controlled only a small fraction of its former domain. Songhai Empire and Timbuktu The Songhai Empire expanded its power from its center in Gao during the period 1465-1530. At its peak under Askia Mohammad I, it encompassed the Hausa states as far as Kano (in present-day Nigeria) and much of the territory that had belonged to the Mali Empire in the west. It was destroyed by a Moroccan invasion in 1591. Timbuktu was a center of commerce and of the Islamic faith throughout this period, and priceless manuscripts from this epoch are still preserved in Timbuktu. (International donors are making efforts to help preserve these priceless manuscripts as part of Malis cultural heritage.) The Arrival of the French French military penetration of the Soudan (the French name for the area) began around 1880. Ten years later, the French made a concerted effort to occupy the interior. The timing and resident military governors determined methods of their advances. A French civilian governor of Soudan was appointed in 1893, but resistance to French control did not end until 1898 when the Malinkà © warrior Samory Tourà © was defeated after 7 years of war. The French attempted to rule indirectly, but in many areas, they disregarded traditional authorities and governed through appointed chiefs. From French Colony to French Community As the colony of French Soudan, Mali was administered with other French colonial territories as the Federation of French West Africa. In 1956, with the passing of Frances Fundamental Law (Loi Cadre), the Territorial Assembly obtained extensive powers over internal affairs and was permitted to form a cabinet with executive authority over matters within the Assemblys competence. After the 1958 French constitutional referendum, the Republique Soudanaise became a member of the French Community and enjoyed complete internal autonomy. Independence as the Republic of Mali In January 1959, Soudan joined Senegal to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent within the French Community on 20 June 1960. The federation collapsed on 20 August 1960, when Senegal seceded. On 22 September Soudan proclaimed itself the Republic of Mali and withdrew from the French Community. Socialist Single-Party State President Modibo Keita – whose party Union Soudanaise-Rassemblement Dà ©mocratique Africain (US-RDA, Sudanese Union-African Democratic Rally) had dominated pre-independence politics – moved quickly to declare a single-party state and to pursue a socialist policy based on extensive nationalization. A continuously deteriorating economy led to a decision to rejoin the Franc Zone in 1967 and modify some of the economic excesses. Bloodless Coup by Lieutenant Moussa Traorà © On 19 November 1968, a group of young officers staged a bloodless coup and set up a 14-member Military Committee for National Liberation (CMLN), with Lt. Moussa Traorà © as Chairman. The military leaders attempted to pursue economic reforms but for several years faced debilitating internal political struggles and the disastrous Sahelian drought. A new constitution, approved in 1974, created a one-party state and was designed to move Mali toward civilian rule. However, the military leaders remained in power. Single Party Elections In September 1976, a new political party was established, the Union Dà ©mocratique du Peuple Malien (UDPM, Democratic Union of the Malian People) based on the concept of democratic centralism. Single-party presidential and legislative elections were held in June 1979, and General Moussa Traorà © received 99% of the votes. His efforts at consolidating the single-party government were challenged in 1980 by student-led, anti-government demonstrations, which were brutally put down, and by three coup attempts. The Road to Multi-Party Democracy The political situation stabilized during 1981 and 1982 and remained generally calm throughout the 1980s. Shifting its attention to Malis economic difficulties, the government worked out a new agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, by 1990, there was growing dissatisfaction with the demands for austerity imposed by the IMFs economic reform programs and the perception that the President and his close associates were not themselves adhering to those demands. As demands for multiparty democracy increased the Traorà © government allowed some opening of the system (the establishment of an independent press and independent political associations) but insisted that Mali was not ready for democracy. Anti-Government Rioting In early 1991, student-led, anti-government rioting broke out again, but this time government workers and others supported it. On 26 March 1991, after 4 days of intense anti-government rioting, a group of 17 military officers arrested President Moussa Traorà © and suspended the constitution. Amadou Toumani Tourà © took power as the Chairman for the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People. A draft constitution was approved in a referendum on 12 January 1992 and political parties were allowed to form. On 8 June 1992, Alpha Oumar Konarà ©, the candidate of the Alliance pour la Dà ©mocratie en Mali (ADEMA, Alliance for Democracy in Mali), was inaugurated as the President of Malis Third Republic. President Konarà © Wins Election In 1997, attempts to renew national institutions through democratic elections ran into administrative difficulties, resulting in a court-ordered annulment of the legislative elections held in April 1997. It demonstrated, however, the overwhelming strength of President Konarà ©s ADEMA Party, causing some other historic parties to boycott subsequent elections. President Konarà © won the presidential election against scant opposition on 11 May. Amadou Toumani Tourà © General elections were organized in June and July 2002. President Konare did not seek reelection since he was serving his second and last term as required by the constitution. Retired General Amadou Toumani Tourà ©, former head of state during Malis transition (1991-1992) became the countrys second democratically elected President as an independent candidate in 2002 and was reelected to a second 5-year term in 2007. Source Public Domain, US Department of State Background Notes.

Lakeside Country Club tour report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lakeside Country Club tour report - Essay Example The Mansion forms the central part of the clubhouse even today. The house had three stories with 8 spacious rooms that faced the lake that was built by Mr. Mooers. The lake is presently known as the Pine Lake. Mr. Mooers sold the property to Ralph Rupley in 1946. Rupley became a charter member of the club. Mr. Rupley and his family immediately occupied the mansion, which was known, as the Pine Lake Farm until 1951. Mr. Rupley moved to a more appropriate residence in the city in 1951 when the Lakeside Country Club signed its charter. This brings us to the date when the club was founded; 1951.In 1952, the club bought additional acreage. This was intended for the construction of the original locker room wing, trap ranges, bathhouse, swimming pools and tennis courts. The Lakeside club has a complete scale of operations with 73 golf carts, which offers the club high level of revenue. For instance, a half million dollars of the total revenue is generated from renting the golf carts. In addition, the available teaching programs add up to the revenue collection. Some of the teaching program available includes the junior gold, women’s program and individual group lessons. On equal measure, the fee charged on members on the carts usage also contributes to the club’s revenue basket. For the case of employees, the Lakeside Club has 24 full time employees. The working time during weekdays is 6.00-2.00 and 5.00-10.00 during weekends. The Club’s source of water is the Buffalo bayou. The club always endeavours in maintaining it grass root system and on the side of wildlife; the club’s management has ensured sustainable protection of diverse species for a health environment and nature. However, the club management cites maintainin g the golf course weather condition as the hardest challenge. For instance, when the Hurricane Ike came it destroyed the club with water almost a half way

Gullfaks Oil field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Gullfaks Oil field - Research Paper Example Oil exploration in the location where Gullfaks main field occupies started after the discovery of Brent Field in 1971. Hence, revealing the prospects of occurrence of Middle Jurassic Brent group sentiments, which are significant and highly rich hydrocarbon reservoirs. The first licensing that saw inception of drilling was in 1978 whereby the first well (34/10-1) managed to go through Jurassic section and encountered approximately 160 m width of oil-filled Brent sandstones region. This comprised of a column, which extends to the basement of Brent Group. Other four wells that followed the initial well were 34/10-3, -4, -5 and -6 whose respective locations are in the western region. The main operator of this field is Statoil, which took over its full operations in 1981 turning it to be the third largest state’s field located in the Northern Sea whose capacity was twice that of Angola (Vassiliou, 2009). Since, then up to date the field stand in the Norwegian history as the first o il reserve developed and managed by one of the state’s corporations successfully. This is to the extent of Norway becoming the third net oil exporter in 2001 whereby its yield reached approximately 223,000 bpd in 2002. The location of main field lies at 34/10 block in the Northern Norwegian Sea, whereby after exploration the main operator (Statoil) spearheaded development of other three key concrete platforms, which are Gullfaks A, Gullfaks B, Gullfaks C respectively (Statoil, 2013). Licensing Authority Statoil acts as the main operator due to its big number of shares though there are other partners whose holdings are as per the table below. Table 1: Gullfaks Licensing authorities Partners Shares % Statoil 51 Petoro 30 OMV 19 Recently, Statoil in quest to advance and increase its yield in platform C has decided to offer a two-year contract to Aibel whose aim is to initiate varied modifications that will guarantee the field’s anticipated production (Stavanger, 2010). Mainly, Aibel will foresee connection of Pandora satellite to Platform C whereby this is one of the first projects the operator intends to undertake besides other varied tasks meant to advance the entire field facilities (Stavanger, 2010). In addition, Statoil in order to be effective and neutralize immense competition globally has recently decided to sell 19% of its holdings to OMV, whereby its operations were to commence in 1st January this year (Oil & Gas Eurasia, 2013). Oil and Gas processing facilities The field comprises of three distinct processing facilities commonly referred as platforms whereby A and C performs are independent of each other besides having three separation stages (Statoil, 2013). Mainly, these platforms include Gullfaks A, Gullfaks B, Gullfaks C whose operations started in 1986, 1988 and 1989 respectively (Statoil,

Part5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Part5 - Essay Example Another exercise myth is that it’s dangerous to exercise when at a given old age if you did not do the same when young. www.fitnessmagazine.com should state that one can always choose the exercise that best suits their age and health. The third myth is in the use of supplements to build body muscles in www.ideafit.com. The media needs to specify that if you eat healthy and visit the gym regularly, you do not need these supplements. The fourth advertised myth is the lie that exercise helps one lose weight quickly as i www.askmen.com. This makes people get frustrated when they spend hours at the gym and still fail to see a reduction in their weight. What the advertisers should specify is that losing weight at the gym depends on more than just exercising for long. It includes a tolerance for intensity so as to burn calories. The advertised belief that soreness that sets in after exercise is due to the build-up of lactic acid in muscles is also a myth. It is important for the medi a in www.dailymail.co.uk/home/.../fitness-report to note that immediately after a workout, the body gets rid of the lactic acid produced. The resulting soreness is due to muscle tears. Advertisers and the media push for these myths so as to lure people into their gyms or exercise routines that they provide, which will in turn earn them money (Larsen, 2011). Larsen, L. (2011). Fitness and exercise sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the benefits of physical fitness, including strength, endurance, longevity, weight loss, bone health, and stress management, with exercise guidelines for people of all ages and tips (4th ed.). Detroit, MI:

EU Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance

EU Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance Regional Development INTRODUCTION Cohesion Policy of the European Union aims to reduce economic and social differences between the Member States of the Union by supporting and encouraging regional development. The Treaty of Rome and the Single European Act promote decreasing differences in the regional development while regional policy provides investments for necessary restructuring in the less developed regions and support for infrastructure development, increase of employment, and stimulation of industry. To finance projects that contribute to the regional development cohesion and structural funds are used, which account for a third of the common budget of the European Union (Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014). The key objectives of regional development are regional competitiveness and employment, and european territorial cooperation (European Commission). The effort are focused on facilitating increased growth and convergence of the least developed member states and regions with the goal of increasing the regional competitiveness and thus improving cooperation with other European regions. In order to promote regional development, the European Union has secured additional financial assistance for member states through various funds. Cohesion Fund is intended for countries which need to meet the convergence criteria. The European Regional Development Fund, as one of the main financial instruments of the EUs cohesion policy, and European Social Fund, Europes main tool for promoting employment and social inclusion, are called structural funds and are aimed at strengthening economic and social cohesion in the European Union and at the reduction of differences in development between the regions. Kyriacou and Rocca-Sagales (2011) found that the Structural Funds reduced regional disparities in the period from 1995 to 2006. Beugelsdijk and Eijffinger (2005) and Ederveen (2006) also confirmed positive impact of structural funds on consumption and growth of GDP per capita, but only in countries with developed institutions. Effect of the use of structural funds to decrease regional differences is potentially reversed if transfers are above a certain limit (about 1.6% of gross domestic product). This has implications on the desirable allocation of resources in future, especially since, in the last programming period (2007-20113), transmissions to all new member states except Cyprus and Malta exceeded the given threshold. Popa (2012) points out that although there are examples of good practice of the use of EU funds, they often represent more a financial burden then they truly serve as a mean of reducing regional disparities, which is their goal. Reforms of funding in the new programming period 2014-2020 have the potential to improve the efficiency of the use of the funds, but significant effects of their use cannot be expected in the absence of structural reforms, given the constraints in monitoring the use of funds in different countries and the difficulties in establishing irregularities and potential illegal use of funds (Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014). Most authors agree that after 20 years of implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy its effectiveness remains questionable (Bachtler et al., 2015). In fact, in theory, the allocation of EU funds needs to be designed so to ensure that the poorer regions receive more funds. In practice, the allocation and the distribution of funds was under the influence of lobbying, the unwillingness of regional authorities to absorb funds, as well as of the lack of resources and incentives for the European Union to question the political motives for the selection of projects at the local level (Dellmuth Stoffel, 2012). 1. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDING European Regional Policy was adopted by the European Commission in 1965, followed by the creation of the Directorate-General for Regional Policy in 1968. In 1972, Regional Policy was recognized as an essential factor in strengthening the Community (European Commission).Regional policy has focused from its very start on promoting balanced regional development. The resources from the cohesion and structural funds are to be used primarily to minimize the differences in development between regions of the European Union as well as differences in the standard of living of citizens of these regions. Among the main objectives of the regional policy in the programming period from 2000 to 2006 were the development and structural adjustment of those regions whose GDP per capita was lower than 75% of the EU average, the economic and social conversion of areas facing structural difficulties and adjustment and modernization of the national policies and educational systems, as well as training and employment. For the financing of the regional development policy the European Commission established the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), whose objective is the elimination of regional disparities and promotion of a stable and sustainable development, the European Social Fund (ESF), aimed at developing human resources and employment, financial instrument for Fisheries guidance (Financial instrument for Fisheries guidance FIFG), whose goal is a balanced water resources management and development of the competitive infrastructure, and European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), whose goal is to support the Common agricultural policy and the improvement of agricultural structures and rural development. From 2007 to 2013, the number of funds was reduced to three (ERDF, ESF and the Cohesion Fund), and the emphasis was placed on the less developed regions, to achieve greater growth and higher employment rate. The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the European Union. European Social Fund (ESF) aims to increase employment and increase opportunities for finding a job in the European Union. The Cohesion Fund is intended for Member States whose gross national product per capita is less than 90% of the Unions and aims to support economic and social development, and helps to bring stability to the economic system of the less developed countries. Given that the three main objectives of EU regional policy are convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and European territorial cooperation, Cohesion Fund primarily supports convergence and, although it is the subject to the same rules of programming, management and monitoring as well as the structural funds and plays a similar role, the Fund has been primarily used to provide means for adjusting the national economies of the countries which had decided to introduce a common currency, and to relieve national budgets of the poorer member states. Investments in the areas of transport, environmental protection, achieving energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources are usually financed from the Cohesion Fund. For example, through the four national programs for Croatia, 10.74 billion Euro from the European structural and investment funds has been allocated in the period from 2014 to 2020. Croatia has a total budget of 12.67 billion Euro for investments into research and innovation, employment, education and training of employees, as well as for social inclusion projects, project in the public administration and civil society, as well as infrastructure projects and projects related to the protection of the environment Protection (http: / /ec.europa.eu, 2016). The management of the Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund is based on the principles of programming, concentration, co-financing and partnership. Programming is the process of allocation of structural funds in accordance with the defined objectives and criteria over a certain period of time. Concentration involves directing funds to where they are most needed. Co-financing means that part of the investment has to be obtained from domestic sources, while partnership implies close cooperation between Member States and the European Commission. Since the implementation of the Cohesion policy requires developed institutional framework, each state chooses one of three approaches for the implementation of the Cohesion policy differential approach, which is characterized by the separating the structures for the implementation of cohesion policy from the regular government bodies (for example, The Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom), the unique approach, whereby the funds are directed through the national, or regional ministries and agencies (for example Austria, Spain, parts of Germany and most new Member States) and the combined approach, which represents a combination of the previous two approaches (for example Finland, France and Italy). The choice depends on the existing administrative arrangements and levels of funding. 2. INSTRUMENT FOR PRE-ACCESSION ASSISTANCE Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance ( IPA) is the program for the countries which are in the process of accession to the Union. Pre-accession funds are intended to facilitate the economic and social transformation, which are included in the conditions for the admission to the Union. From 2000 to 2006, countries in the process of accession to the EU had access to financial instruments called PHARE (Pologne et Hongrie Aide à ¡ Restructuration Economique), ISPA (Instrument for Structural Policies for pre-Accession), SAPARD (Special pre-accession assistance for Agriculture and Rural Development), and CARDS (Community assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation). From 2007 to 2013 total IPA budget amounted to 11.468 billion Euro (narr.gov.rs). Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance consists of five components (narr.gov.rs): Transition Assistance and Institution Building. The first component of the IPA aims to provide support in the process of accession to the European Union, especially in meeting the criteria and standards imposed by the accession, transposition of the legislation and, in particular, the strengthening of the institutional capacity. Cross-border cooperation. The objective of this component is to promote good neighborly relations and regional cooperation between traditionally less developed regions in the countries which engage in the joint cross border projects; Regional Development. The third IPA component aims to improve economic and social cohesion through the development of the transport infrastructure, particularly the development of national transport networks and trans-European networks, protection of the environment including policies such as waste management, management of water supply and waste water, as well as the monitoring of air quality, the rehabilitation of polluted areas, achievement of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, and the development of regional competitiveness by fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The development of human resources. This component aims to contribute to economic and social cohesion and to achieving the priorities of the European Employment Strategy in the areas of employment, education, training and social inclusion. Rural Development. This component provides support for sustainable agricultural and rural development by improving market efficiency and facilitating the adoption of the EU standards, provides support for the establishment of producer groups and investments in the processing and marketing of agricultural and fishery products, as well as the implementation of best practices in the field of environmental protection and improvement in agriculture and development of rural infrastructure. All five components of IPA can be used by the country with the status of candidate country and which has implemented decentralized system of management of EU funds (Decentralized Implementation System DIS), while the potential candidate countries and those candidate countries which have not yet accredited DIS have access to funds from the first and second components of IPA (narr.gov.rs). Management of EU funds under Decentralized Implementation System is approved after meeting criteria and conditions defined by the European Commission. The first component of the Instrument for Pre-accession assistance is related to the transition assistance and the development of institutions, and it decreases as the countrys economy develops and gets closer to the European standards, practices and the membership of the Union. The second component of the IPA is related to Cross-Border Cooperation. Third IPA Component is a predecessor of the Cohesion Fund, while the fourth and fifth IPA components are precursors of the todays structural funds. IPA funds are not used exclusively for the implementation of institutional projects, but are also used for the preparation of the country for the accession through the implementation of prescribed objectives, principles. IPA beneficiary countries are divided into two categories (ec.europa.eu): Candidate countries for EU (Turkey, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) are eligible for all five components of IPA; Potential candidate countries in the Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244/99) are eligible only for the first two components. Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance IPA II 2014-2020 was established by the European Parliament and the Council Regulation no. 231/2014 of 11 March 2014 and applied retroactively from January 1, 2014. IPA II is the successor of the IPA for the period 2014-2020 and has a budget of 11.7 billion. Users of IPA II are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey (http://ec.europa.eu). IPA II Regulation determines that the European Commission and the beneficiary of IPA II are to conclude general agreements on the implementation of the aid, which defines the rules for the implementation of the Unions financial assistance under the IPA II, primarily in relation to the management of IPA II, including the rules of programming, implementation, financial management, monitoring, control and audit, reporting and protection of financial interests. One of the major changes in the structure of the IPA II, which, instead of the 5 components comprising the IPA I, is the introduction of the policy areas. Policy areas within the IPA II are (PejoviĆ¡ et al., 2014): Reforms as part of preparations for EU membership and institutional and capacity building; Socio-economic and regional development; Employment, social policy, education, promotion of gender equality and human resource development; Agriculture and rural development; Regional and territorial cooperation. The most important innovation in the IPA II is its strategic focus. Each country should prepare a specific strategic planning document for the period of 7 years, which will enable faster integration, reform and development programs, and ensures a focus on the priorities in terms of regional cooperation. IPA II aims to facilitate the reforms in the context of pre-defined sectors. These sectors include areas closely related to the enlargement strategy, as well as democracy and governance, the rule of law, growth and competitiveness. This approach promotes structural reforms that are expected to help the governments to transform the given sectors and to successfully conduct harmonization with EU standards. In this way, the European Commission wishes to ensure the efficiency of the fund, sustainability and their focus on results. IPA II focuses on measuring the effects and monitoring the realization of expected results. IPA II aims at achieve four specific objectives. The overall objective is to support the beneficiary countries in adopting and implementing the political, institutional, legal, administrative, social and economic reforms that are required from them in order to conform with the values of the European Union and to ensure gradual alignment with the rules, standards, policies and practices for achieving full membership in the EU. The specific objectives of IPA II are (PejoviĆ¡ et al., 2014): Support for political reform: strengthening democracy and the rule of law, including an independent and efficient judiciary; promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect for the rights of minorities, including LGBT people, promoting gender equality, prohibition of discrimination and fostering tolerance, and freedom of the media and cultural diversity; regional cooperation and good neighborly relations; the promotion of reconciliation and confidence building measures; the fight against corruption and organized crime; strengthening public administration and good governance at all levels; capacity building measures to improve law enforcement, border management and implementation of migration policies; the development of civil society; improving social dialogue and strengthening the capacity of the social partners. Support the economic, social and territorial development with focus on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth: reaching the EU standards in the economy, including a functioning market economy and fiscal and economic governance. Economic reforms are necessary in order to face competitive pressure and market forces within the EU, and which at the same time contribute to the achievement of objectives in the field of social rights and environmental protection; promotion of employment, mobility of workers and the development of human capital; improving social and economic inclusion, in particular of minorities and vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, refugees and displaced persons; fostering an inclusive and integrated education system and the protection and restoration of cultural heritage; development of physical capital, including infrastructure improvements and connecting with the networks of the EU and the region; strengthening research, technological development a nd innovation capacity. Strengthening the capacity of recipient countries at all levels to fulfill the obligations arising from the membership in the EU by supporting progressive alignment with the EU acquis and their adoption and implementation, including preparation for managing structural and cohesion funds as well as funds intended for agriculture and rural development. Strengthening of regional and territorial cooperation to help beneficiary countries. 3. EFFECTS OF FINANCING During the programming period 2007- 2013, over 80% of the budget of the Cohesion Fund was allocated in the 100 poorest regions, with about 170 million people or one third of the EU population. The remaining 18.5% of the money is distributed to other regions in the Union (http://www.euractiv.com, 2012). According to the European Commission, in the next programming period 2014-2020 less than 70 regions will automatically qualify for the funds that are used to finance the convergence, as they have GDP per capita below 75% of the EU average. Regions in transition those who have a GDP per capita between 75% and 90% of the EU average will get less funds, but still can count on continued support from the Structural Funds (http://www.euractiv.com, 2012 ).   Ã‚   Figure 1: Regions by the development level in the programming periods 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. Source: Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014 In the 2014-2020 programming period it is expected that 25% of structural funds will be allocated in less developed regions (red in Figure 1), 40% in regions in transition (yellow in Figure 1), and 52% in the developed regions (blue in Figure 1. ). As for the Cohesion Fund, the funds from it will continue to support the development of member countries with GDP per capita of less than 90% of the EU-27 average, but will primarily be allocated to support investments in projects related to environmental protection and the development of transport. Part of the funds from the Cohesion Fund will focus on the financing of transport networks in Europe. Given that the capacity to absorb depends on the institutional factors, both in the EU and in the Member States (Georgescu, 2010; Voinea, et al, 2010), but also on the ability of regional authorities to co-finance projects and provide administrative support (Zaman and Georgescu, 2009), the possible effects of the use of structural funds are difficult to predict. According to the research, structural funds can boost GDP growth in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe from 0.1. to 0.7% per annum (Zaman Georgescu, 2009). Analyses of the effects of the use of the funds in the programming period 2000-2006 show that there has been some reduction in the differences between countries in GDP per capita, while in some regions growth was recorded. Zaman and Georgescu (2009) found that the structural funds boost export growth, and that in some cases, like in Romania, they led to economic growth, despite relatively low absorption capacity. Positive impact was also made in Austria, Belgium and France. However, according to Becker (2012), countries with low levels of education, weak institutions and poor governance did not make equally successful use of the funds. Thus, receiving more support from the Structural Funds does not necessarily mean development. For example, Pisani-Ferry et al (2011) found that inadequate institutional framework in Greece to be a reason for the inability of its government to efficiently use the funds assigned to it. CONCLUSION Theoretically, objectives of the regional policy of the European Union necessitate the existence of the financial support for the less developed regions to achieve the desired growth. However, in practice, during the distribution and the use of the funds many problems were encountered. Access to funds for underdeveloped regions did not lead to the desired growth, primarily because of the inability of the governments to use the allocated funds due to weakness of the institutions and low capacity. In more developed regions, the effects of the funds were much more significant. Changes in the programming period 2014-2020 are expected to solve part of the problems identified in the previous periods. However, declining return on invested funds and high dependence of a large number of the regions from external funding sources continue to threaten the achievement of the basic objectives that these funds are meant to support. Although raw data show that the Structural Funds have not always been successful in fighting the problems at all levels and in all countries. However, as many people are still unemployed in the EU, and there are full member countries whose GDP is still well below the EU average, the Structural Funds are necessary. The same goes for the Cohesion Fund, as it ensures faster accession of the candidate countries. These funds were designed to reduce the inequalities in the regional developments, and although they might not have been efficient in all cases, they certainly supported the growth in some regions, provide incentives for other regions to improve their capacity to access the funds and accelerate the growth. REFERENCES   Ã‚   Bachtler, J., Begg, I., Charles, D., Polverari, L. (2015) THE LONG TERM ACHIEVEMENTS OF EU COHESION POLICY, 1989-2012. Challanges for he new cohesion policy 2014-2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Becker, S.O.(2012) EU Structural Funds: Do They Generate More Growth? dostupno na: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/International%20Economics/1212bp_becker.pdf Beugelsdijk, M., Eijffinger, S. (2005), The Effectiveness of Structural Policy in the European Union: an Empirical Analysis for the EU-15 in 1995-2001, Journal of Common Market Studies 43: 37-51. Chalmers, A.W., Dellmuth, L.M. (2014). Whz Europes new cohesion policy is unlikely to enhance effectiveness of EU structural and investments funds. Dostupno na: http://councilforeuropeanstudies.org/critcom/why-europes-new-cohesion-policy-is-unlikely-to-enhance-the-effectiveness-of-eu-structural-and-investment-funds/ Dellmuth, L.M., Stoffel, M.F. (2012) Distrinutive Politics and intergovernmental transfers: the local allocation of European Union Structural Funds. European Union Politics, 13 (3): 413-433 ec.europa.eu, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/ipa/ preuzeto 3.3.2016. Ederveen, S., de Groot, H. , Nahuis, R. (2006) Fertile Soil for Structural Funds? A Panel Data Analysis of the Conditional Effectiveness of European Cohesion Policy, Kyklos 59: 17-42. European Commission (2012), EU Cohesion Funding Key Statistics, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/thefunds/funding/index_en.cfm European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/policy/object/index_en.htm Georgescu, G. (2010). Determinants of increasing EU funds absorption capacity in Romania, Oeconomica Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 Alba Iulia (2010) : 16. http://ec.europa.eu, 2016, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/factsheets/2016/european-structural-and-investment-funds-country-factsheet-croatia http://ec.europa.eu, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/instruments/overview/index_en.htm, preuzeto 3.3.2016. KPMG (2014). PUBLIC SECTOR EU Funds in Central and Eastern Europe Progress Report 2007-2013. dostupno na: https://www.kpmg.com/SI/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/EU-Funds-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.pdf Kyriacou, P.A., Rocca-Sagales, O. (2011) The Impact of EU Structural Funds on Regional Disparities within Member States. Environmental Planning C Government and Policy April 2012 vol. 30 no. 2.267-281. Liargovas, P., Petropoulos, S., Tzifakis, N., Huliaras, A. (2016) BEYOND ABSORPTION THE IMPACT OF EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS ON GREECE. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Greece narr.gov.rs, dostupno na: http://narr.gov.rs/index.php/O-regionalnom-razvoju/EU-politika-regionalnog-razvoja/Instrument-za-predpristupnu-pomoc-IPA, preuzeto 3.3.2016. PejoviĆ¡, A., LazoviĆ¡, M., MiriĆ¡, O., KneÃ…Â ¾eviĆ¡, I. (2014) VodiĆ¡ kroz IPA, Beograd. Pisani-Ferry, J., Marzinotto, B. , Wolff, G. B. (2011), How European Funds can Help Greece Grow, Financial Times, 28 July. Popa, A. (2012). The Impact of the Structural Funds in the Transformation Process of the New EU Member States, LEurope en Formation 2012/2 (n ° 364), p. 161-179. Voinea, L.A., Busuioc, A., Popovici, V. (2010). Reindustrializarea Romaniei: politici si strategii.Asociatia pentru Studii si Prognoze Economico-Sociale, 113. Zaman, G. and Cristea, A., (2011) EU Structural Funds Absorption in Romania: Obstacles and Issues, 2011, Romanian Journal of Economy, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 60-77. Zaman, G., Georgescu,G. (2009) Structural fund adsorption: a new challenge for Romania? Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting 1 (2009): 136.

Love Is Not Enough Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Love Is Not Enough Parents sometimes do not understand the severity of things they say or do to children. However, many times things that are said or done effect the child for the rest of their life. Although the parent may not realize that he or she is hurting the child, they sometimes do. I have one such experience. It started out as one of my happier days. The kitchen smelled of oatmeal cookies baking as my stepsister Jennifer and I attempted to clean up our flour and egg mess. She was daddy’s little girl. My dad had always favored her, but who could blame him? She had his nose, chin and do not forget the blonde hair and blue eyes. Jennifer was the spitting image of my father. I had always looked too much like my mother to be his favorite. I had brown hair, brown eyes, and freckles. About the only thing I had of my dad was his height and chin. But none of that mattered today, as I said before it was one of my better days. I was having too much fun hosing down the kitchen to worry about things like that. Jen and I had just finished cleaning up as my dad pulled into the driveway. He was an air traffic controller, and sometimes his job required him to be gone at late hours. At times we would go to bed late and he still would not be home. Today though, he was home early. He came in, gave us kisses, changed into comfy clothes and we all sat down for dinner. I am not positive what we ate, but it was probably something instant considering that my dad was the chef. He could kind of cook. He was really good with those box meals; The ones where you just add water and fry. His other gourmet cooking consisted of the can foods; you know the ones were you plop and heat. After dinner we curled ... ... and quietly asked, â€Å"Where’s my box?† He turned around and I felt like for the first time since the topic had come up he acknowledged my presence. He had a look on his face like I had caught him completely off guard and explained that my mom and him never actually got married. He tried to convince me that of all the things he regrets most in his life that was the biggest one. He said if he could have changed one thing he would have married my mother. The whole situation really hurt. I was not naà ¯ve. I knew that my parents never got married. I guess I had just hoped that if my dad â€Å"loved† her enough to have a kid with her, he would love her enough to have a box of memories. His carelessness with the situation effecting me and will my entire life. Your parents are supposed to be your hero and when they emotionally let you down, you do not forget it.

Spin Doctors

Since the first principles Tory was all about the motives and interests of intellectual of the 6th and 5th centuries BC, Sophists were positively included as part of the intellectual position of the 5th century. The word ‘Sophist† means ‘professional cleverness'. During the fifth century, sophists were teachers, speakers, and philosophers who were paid to use rhetoric. For the first time In history, philosophy became a job to earn money by selling Intellectual skills. They were spin doctors of that period.There were some famous sophists such as Propagators, Georgia, Hippies, Produces, and Antiphon, among others. They made their living by selling their Intellectual skills to those who wanted to get a professional career and could afford to learn. Sophists offered an expensive private education that poor people could not get any education from them. They taught rhetorical skill: clever talk designed to enable their pupils to manipulate popular opinion in their favor. Furthermore, Sophists presented themselves as great facilitators of democratic procedures.However, their effect was only to secure advantages for their richness. They tried to cheat the poor while they were taking advantage from the rich. Therefore their deeds were undemocratic under the enigmatic Ideology- anyone has the right to do anything whether they are rich or poor, whether they are high or low birth- which prevailed In 5th- century Athens. Therefore the question came up to be argued that â€Å"Are the Sophists a good thing or a bad thing? ‘ This disagreement has raged more than 150 years. The result changes depend on the prevailing ideology of the contemporary world.The Sophists were generally condemned before 20th century. However, they were recovered from that bad reputation by the effects of Hitler who hold Plat's potentially totalitarian political views, in the sass. Many liberal thinkers had come to doubt Plato who disagreed with the Sophist's point of view, and to recognize Sophists as champions of liberalism. This outlook of 1 sass even continues until nowadays. It is encouraged by a naive liberalism which believes that totalitarianism and democracy are simple black and white alternatives.However, the time is reached to the right time to reconsider on all the social exclusion, economic disadvantage, and political spin that what Is theoretically democracy and quite undemocratic In reality. Public opinion can be a good gulled to public policy only if the people are In a position to Judge and can exercise their Judgment freely. Nowadays, sophistry Is one of the methods by which politicians disguise their policies in alien clothing, to make people believe in them as more sealed tan teen really are. I Norte, spin doctors succeed democracy the slogan. L.Test winner In the 4th century BC, when the great Sophists were all dead, Plato wrote more than twenty dialogues which he created a character called Socrates, based on the real Socrates who had died in BBC. Many of these dialogues describe Socrates as who totally disagreed with the idea of the best Sophists of his day. These Plat's imaginary conversations make a range of valid uncertainties about the political and moral principle implication of the activities which relative to the Sophists. Socrates opposed the idea of Sophists' teaching style.He taught people without charge and always prepared to speak his own mind in which what he knows about. He did not care what people thought of him, and he was prepared to die rather than to follow the popularity of the majority vote. He traveled around the country and asked questions about knowledge (is opinion all that matters? ) and ethics (is anyone's Judgment as good as anyone else's? . These opened discussions of Socrates emphasize the shallowness and inadequacies in positions usually associated with the Sophists.This issue arises as to whether these norms and conventions are really binding or not. Most people do the things that society tells them to do? The difference between nature and convention emerges all over the literature and political thought of the late 5th century BC. The Greek word for a man-made law or convention was ‘moos' and nature law was ‘physics'. Many intellectuals of the second half of the 5th century in Athens became more desire to know the questions about whether such man-made laws could or should have authority to respect.Where did they draw from their value? And were there perhaps other limiting factors or values that were independently and naturally right? Antiphon the Sophist suggested that conventions and laws directly conflict with what is naturally valuable. Society does little to make life actually better for those who do act self-righteous. Therefore it was always better to take hold of any opportunities to act unfairly and to steal the advantage.Furthermore, Calicles described about the distinctions between nature and convention in the dialogue called Georgia th at man-made laws postponed people room doing what they really wanted to do, which was to win as much as they could for themselves, at the expense of everyone else. Indeed worse those conventions were a cruel plot on the part of nature's born losers. That was how democracy got going; the rule by great absolute ruler that would be natural in the cruel world of nature, the world in which the winners win and flourish, and the losers lose and die.Only cowards would let those ideas set aside from their way of thinking. 2. MAN IS THE MEASURE Propagators was the most famous of the 5th-century Sophist who more favorable Attlee towards convention tan Atlanta Ana Calicles. He was rumors Tort sallying: Man is the measure of all things. If the word â€Å"Man† implies to human society as a whole, he probably meant that the conventions determined for human beings are the measure of deciding that what counts and what does not count as real; the world is as we make it out to be.If the word â €Å"Man† refers as individual man, Propagators meant that each of us is a perceiver looking out at the world, and what we see is up to us; it is not fixed by any independent reality. Either way, Propagators appears to say that there is no independent truth about what things exist. In other words the entire world is a construct of people. Nevertheless, even if he was not a committed relativist about the gods, Propagators' views on morality seem to have tending towards belief in changeable standards what was right for one society need not be right for another.That is the morally unthinkable soon becomes thinkable. Nothing is sacred. 3. THE POWER OF PERSUASION Georgia compared the power of words to the effect of drugs or physical force. Georgia, the great master of rhetorical persuasion, was the most remarkable of the in 5th century Sophists by his speech in defense of Helen of Troy. The speech took an amusing theme but the work has a more serious aim. It explores and illustrate s the corrupting power of words. Another work of Georgia was a classic text of early philosophy, typically called ‘On nature or what is not'. He proved through the text that rhetoric is so powerful.In the text, he offered an amusing work of philosophy designed to convince nature of things with three conditions: (1) that nothing exists, (2) that if something existed, one could have no knowledge of it, and (3) that if nevertheless somebody knew something existed, he could not communicate his knowledge to others. Ill. AND THE SPIN-OFF The Sophists made an amazing final act of pre-Socratic philosophy by asking society to question its reason on existence, its political beliefs, its moral values, its religious beliefs, its educational system, its legal codes, and its codes of etiquette.Even though Sophists were notorious of their deeds, they enlightened us the ideal democracy that values equality of opportunity. I believe History would have taken notice if the Sophists consistently used their power of persuasion to produce unfair results. However, the Sophists provided the tools for the average citizen to defend oneself, to participate in ileitis and to discover what he or she believed to be true. It placed rhetorical education within reach of the average middle class, and even gave some opportunities to us.I agree with the idea that education in rhetorical skills can help to make democratic equality: everyone NAS relents to express Nils or near pollens without any pressure and without any manipulation. On the other hand, it can also be harmful to us if we are not aware of the intention of using rhetoric skills to manipulate others. Rhetoric is so powerful that it can persuade us to accept logically to disqualify truth. Today, technology has advanced to the highest degree and continues to do so rapidly.Rhetoric continues to be an influential tool in education, politic and economic field. I can recognize the power that persuasion has on a society and its indivi duals. I also get sense and find the influence of a good speaker in everyday interactions. In conclusion, I assure that away from the Sophists' intentions that rhetoric be used for political and Judicial purposes, it has also entered the society through advertisements, news media, the Internet and so forth. Even the friendliest conversation contains some element of persuasion to have an agreement.

The Forgotten Chinese Holocaust essays

The Forgotten Chinese Holocaust essays Can you imagine your body being an object for experimentation while youre still alive? Thats one of the things the Japanese did to the Chinese during the forgotten holocaust, the Chinese holocaust. Among the universal disputes between many countries, Japanese aggression on the Chinese was one of the worst events in history to ever take place. The Japanese also destroyed many cities of China. Specifically, they destroyed the city of NanJing by conducting mass bombings and remorseless killings. Other examples of Japanese horrific actions against the Chinese happened in a place called Unit 731. During the 1920s, NanJing only had a population of 250,000. However, during the 1930s, the city was highly populated with over one million residents. This increase was a result of the Japanese occupation and countless refugees fleeing to the city from Manchuria and other Chinese areas to the east of NanJing. The city of NanJing was a safe city for the Chinese until Japanese forces advanced towards it from Shanghai on November 11th, 1937. The Japanese planes bombed the wealthy and more populated areas of the city. The most devastating bombing occurred on September 25th, 1937. Its targets were focused upon hospitals with a red cross on the roof, refugee camps, power plants, water works, and radio stations. About 500 bombs were dropped from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and as a result, there were over 600 civilian casualties. Â ¹ On November 25th, Japanese forces attacked NanJing from three different directions. The Chinese city soon fell to the Japanese Imperial Army. As the Japanese entered the city, a massacre began which lasted six weeks. During that time, the Chinese were not simply murdered, but were humiliated, and tortured. The Japanese used unthinkable methods of murder. They chased the Chinese into the Yangtze River with machine guns, drowning them. They poured gasoline on people, shot them, and wa...

Ted Bundy Essays - Ted Bundy, Serial Killer, The Stranger Beside Me

Ted Bundy Essays - Ted Bundy, Serial Killer, The Stranger Beside Me Ted Bundy Ted Bundy Ted Bundy killed, raped and assaulted women all over the U.S, targeting young college women usually in Washington and Utah. His crimes remained anonymous, instilling fear throughout the country. Through a generally typical childhood and a successful education, no one would have ever expected Bundy to be a derailed monster. His escape skills and intelligence made it difficult to convict him but he eventually paid the price in 1989, in Railford's death penalty electric chair. Bundy fit the characteristics of an average young boy. He participated in the Boys Scouts of America ("Charles Montaldo"). His peers from school remember him as an intelligent, happy and popular child ("Predator"). So, what led to Bundy becoming an notorious killer? Maybe the peculiar confusion and anger his family caused him. His mother raised him to believe that she was his sister, and it remains obscure as to who his father might be. "Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). Bundy grew up in his grandparent's home, assuming that they were his biological parents (Predator"). He eventually discovered the truth behind the lies and grew extremely angry at his family ("Predator"). He looked up to his grandfather although, he was known for his turbulent temper and interest in pornography ("Predator"). He abused the family dog & swung neighborhood cats by their tails ("Predator"). He's considered to have been a possible influence for Bundy's questionable crimes ("Predator"). Graduating from Woodrow Wilson High School, class of 1965 he soon attended the University of Washington the following year and graduated with a degree in psychology ("Ted Bundy"). A few years later, he transferred to Standford, but dropped out ("Predator"). Not longafter, he was accepted to the University of Utah Law School ("Predator"). After his graduation, he went to work for the state Republican Party ("Ted Bundy"). He earned himself a incandescent future in politics. Bundy's murders began in Washington, 1973. No one knows who exactly his first victim was, but Joni Lenzth was the first serious attack he can be definitively attributed to ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). They attended the University of Washington together ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). One night, he invaded her basement bedroom and beat her unconscious with a metal rod ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). He then brutally molested her with a speculum ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). Unlike many of Bundy's other victims, Lenzth survived however she suffered brain damage and internal injuries ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). After killing more college women, he expeditiously relocated to Utah in 1975. ("Predator"). At this time, he was attending the University of Utah Law School. He established a system to lure women in. He acted as a classy man he took women out to fancy restaurants and bought them jewelry (Ted Bundy Biography). Afterwards, when his hoax remained a success, he would rape and more than likely murder his victim ("Ted Bundy Biography"). Bundy murdered women at a frightening rate. His anonymous killing sprees horrified the country. In 1976, Bundy failed to pull over for a traffic routine stop his vehicle was then stopped and searched ("Charles Montaldo"). While the the patrol officer explored his car, he found a ski mask, a crowbar, handcuffs, and trash bags ("Charles Montaldo"). He was soon arrested after a detective acknowledged that a suspect and vehicle description matched Bundy's suspicion ("Charles Montaldo"). He was sentenced to fifteen years in the Utah State Prison after he was found guilty of kidnapping and assault ("Charles Montaldo"). In failure of attempting to flee, hewas assigned several weeks in solitary confinement ("Charles Montaldo"). Eventually he was dispatched to the Garfield County jail ("Charles Montaldo"). He escaped once more, this time successful ("Charles Montaldo"). He set off for Florida, where he attempted to live a new life ("Charles Montaldo"). Bundy found himself then living as "Chris Hagen" ("Predator"). He rented a place to stay and attempted to get a job ("Predator"). He decided to stay innocent he knew if he refrained from criminal activity he would attract no attention from the police and remain free ("Predator"). When he failed to get a job, he reverted to his old, amiss habits and began to shoplift and steal credit cards ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). He soon reverted completely and inaugurated to murdering and raping females, yet again. ("Serial Killer Profile: Ted Bundy"). He committed his last murder in Florida. In a stolen van, he abducted twelve year old Kimberly Ann Leach in her school parking lot while she was dismissed by her teacher to retrieve a

Hydrogen as alternative energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hydrogen as alternative energy - Essay Example Apart from the abundance in the universe, hydrogen gas is in much less quantity in our planet. The reason for this difference is the less density of earth and low weight of hydrogen that aids it in excavating itself away from the earth’s atmosphere. It exists on earth in the form of hydrocarbons and in the water ( 2/3rd ratio of the earth), making H2 the 3rd largest found an element on earth. Hydrogen sources are methane and some bacteria and algae.According to an approximation, each 9/10 atoms in this universe are hydrogen. Hydrogen was discovered by a British fellow, Henry Cavendish in 1766, where he also proved hydrogen to be an integral part of water. Hydrogen combines with nearly every element of the periodic table, existing in nature in the form of sugars, alcohols, acids, fuels, carbonates, phenols, etc. The necessary element for fuel cells is hydrogen. Due its abundance and combinations with nearly every compound, hydrogen can be extracted from any of such compounds an d has the ability to provide as a source of green energy. The reason lies in the manufacturing process of hydrogen and its chemistry that enables green service. Now the question is where we can find hydrogen to run the fuel cells?Fuel cells usually come up with reformers or the hydrogen generators. The ultimate and everlasting solution of the problems lies in solar powered fuel stations. Methane producers and natural gas production can store hydrogen after it is formed as a raw product during extractions.

The CIA created Osama bin Laden Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The CIA created Osama bin Laden - Research Paper Example Osama Bin Laden was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on March 10, 1957. His father was a close friend of the ruling royal family which helped him to establish the Bin Laden group of companies. Immediately after the birth of Osama, his parents got divorced and he was brought up under the single parenthood after the separation of his parents. In Saudi Arabia, it was allowed to the Muslims to marry as much as girls. Osama’s father had ten wives. During childhood, Osama was a normal child who has shown immense interests in religious activities. The development of Osama from an ordinary person to the most wanted hard-core terrorist in the world, was surprising unbelievable. Osama Bin Laden was a Saudi citizen by birth. He was a multi billionaire by birth and had major shares in the Bin Laden group of companies which was established by his father. He was not a born criminal, but the society made him as a criminal. He was a hard-core terrorists even before the 9/11 attack on America. However, he became famous only after the 9/11 incident. It is often said that America is responsible for the making of Osama as a terrorist. It should be noted that Soviet Union has intruded into the territories of Afghanistan in the 1980’s. Soviet Union’s presence in Afghanistan was indigestible to America. Intense cold war was going on in between America and Soviet Union during 70’s and 80’s. America estimated that Soviet Union’s presence in Afghanistan would give them upper hand in the policy matters in Asia. Therefore, America did everything possible to expel Soviet troops from Afghanistan. America has taught Osama and his company that communism is the most fearful enemy of religions such as Islam. The presence of communism or Soviet troops in Afghanistan would convert Afghan society from a religious society to a communist society. Osama and his